A coalition of labor and trade activists joined Democratic lawmakers from industrial states Tuesday to push the Obama administration to take action against the growing imports of auto parts from China.
The push to limit Chinese auto imports comes a week after President Obama announced in his State of the Union address that he was creating a trade enforcement unit to bring cases against countries, mentioning China by name.
It also comes two weeks ahead of a Washington visit by Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping, seen as likely to become president of China when Hu Jintao’s term ends next winter.
Criticism of China’s currency valuation and other trade practices are likely to be a point of contention between the two major trading partners at the Obama-Xi meeting, especially as the U.S. election season heats up.
Those who participated in the Capitol Hill news conference had praise for the Obama administration’s rescue of General Motors (, Fortune 500) and Chrysler Group in 2009, as well as its past trade cases against China. (GM back on top in global sales race)
But they argued that unless there were new cases brought against Chinese parts imports that even more jobs were at risk, since 75% of those employed in the auto industry work for parts suppliers rather than the automakers themselves.
"We’re very proud of the turnaround in the Big Three, but we can’t sit back and celebrate their comeback as long as China unabashedly steals jobs from small businesses who make up the majority of the American automobile industry," said Sen. Debbie Stabenow, a Democrat from Michigan.
The Democratic lawmakers who spoke Tuesday came from Michigan, Ohio and Pennsylvania, all expected to be key battleground states in this November’s general election.
Experts who spoke Tuesday argued that when China targets an industry, it can quickly come to dominate sales.
"If these policies are not stopped, by the end of this decade, China could seize 50% of more of our auto parts market, costing additional hundreds of thousands of U.S. jobs" said Terrence Stewart, an attorney who has won trade cases against China in the past. "The last 15 years of watching other industries will tell you that’s not (just) a possibility but a high likelihood if there is not something done."
The critics say China’s improper support comes in the form of direct subsidies, as well as restrictions on U.S. operations in its market. China has become the largest market for auto sales in the world, and U.S. suppliers’ limited access gives Chinese parts manufacturers an unfair advantage, the critics argued.
Among those joining the presentation Tuesday were the Alliance for American Manufacturing, a trade group supported by small manufacturers and the United Steelworkers union, as well as the Economic Policy Institute, a liberal think tank, and the United Auto Workers.
But missing from the presentation were officials from GM, Ford Motor (, Fortune 500), Chrysler or their suppliers, many of whom have their own plants in China and don’t want to risk alienating Chinese officials by calling for tough trade actions.
"At this point, all the major auto parts producers are invested in China," said Robert Scott, international economist with the Economic Policy Institute. "Not only do they want these subsidies, they’re afraid to complain that they will lose share in China."
China has recently imposed its own tariffs on U.S. vehicle exports to China that would significantly raise the price of any vehicles exported there. It alleges that the U.S. industry is itself benefiting from unfair subsidies.
But even though GM now sells more cars in China than it does in the United States, the Chinese duties will have little impact on its sales there, since less than 0.5% of its Chinese sales are cars built in the United States.
Asked about the move at the Detroit auto show earlier this month, GM CEO Dan Akerson refused to criticize the Chinese action against U.S. exports, saying "All countries, including the United States, have tariffs."
An Italian coast guard official vehemently demanded that the captain go back to his crippled cruise ship to oversee its evacuation, but the captain repeatedly resisted, according to a shocking audiotape made public Tuesday.
Prosecutors have accused Capt. Francesco Schettino of manslaughter, causing a shipwreck and abandoning his ship before all passengers were evacuated during the grounding of the Costa Concordia cruise ship off the Tuscan coast on Friday night.
The death toll nearly doubled to 11 on Tuesday when divers extracted five more bodies from the ship’s wreckage. All were adults wearing life jackets and were found in rear of the ship near an emergency evacuation point, according to Italian Coast Guard Cmdr. Cosimo Nicastro. He said they were thought to have been passengers.
Prior to that discovery, the coast guard had raised the number of missing to 25 passengers and four crew. Italian officials gave the breakdown as 14 Germans, six Italians, four French, two Americans, one Hungarian, one Indian and one Peruvian. But there was still confusion over the numbers, with the German Foreign Ministry in Berlin listing 12 Germans as confirmed missing.
The Costa Concordia was carrying more than 4,200 people when it hit a reef off the Tuscan island of Giglio after Schettino made an unauthorized deviation from the cruise ship’s programmed course, apparently as a favor to his chief waiter, who hailed from the island.
Schettino has insisted that he stayed aboard until the ship was evacuated. However, a recording of his conversation with Italian Coast Guard Capt. Gregorio De Falco indicates he fled before all passengers were off _ and then resisted De Falco’s repeated orders to return.
“You go on board and then you will tell me how many people there are. Is that clear?” De Falco shouted in the audio tape.
Schettino resisted, saying the ship was tipping and it was dark. At the time, he and his second-in-command were in a lifeboat and the captain said he was coordinating the rescue from there. He also said he was not going back on board the ship “because the other lifeboat is stopped.” Passengers have said many lifeboats on the exposed port side of the ship didn’t winch down after the ship had capsized.
De Falco shouted back: “And so what? You want to go home, Schettino? It is dark and you want to go home? Get on that prow of the boat using the pilot ladder and tell me what can be done, how many people there are and what their needs are. Now!”
“You go aboard. It is an order. Don’t make any more excuses. You have declared ‘Abandon ship,’ now I am in charge,” De Falco shouted.
At one point, De Falco vowed “I’m going to make sure you get in trouble. …I am going to make you pay for this. Go on board, (expletive)!”
Schettino was finally heard agreeing to reboard on the tape. But the coast guard has said he never went back, and had police arrest him on land.
The 52-year-old Schettino, described by the Italian media as a genial, tanned ship’s officer, has worked for 11 years for the ship’s owner and was made captain in 2006. He hails from Meta di Sorrento, in the Naples area, which produces many of Italy’s ferry and cruise boat captains. He attended the Nino Bixio merchant marine school near Sorrento.
Schettino recounted his version of events before prosecutors and a judge at a preliminary hearing Tuesday as to whether he should stay jailed, as requested by prosecutors. The judge deferred an immediate decision. The captain could face up to 12 years in prison on the abandoning ship charge alone free online credit report.
Schettino’s attorney, Bruno Leporatti, said in the hearing, the captain had insisted that after the initial crash into the reefs, he had maneuvered the ship close to shore in a way that “saved hundreds if not thousands of lives.”
Passengers, however, described the evacuation as chaotic.
Steve and Kathy Ledtke, who live in Fort Gratiot, Michigan, said they were sitting down to a late dinner Friday when they realized something had gone wrong. Kathy Ledtke told WDIV-TV that it seemed no one was in charge.
“It was complete chaos and it was every man for himself,” Kathy Ledtke said. “Nobody knew where to go.”
Earlier Tuesday, Italian naval divers exploded holes in the hull of the grounded cruise ship, trying to speed up the search for the missing while seas were still calm. Navy spokesman Alessandro Busonero told Sky TV 24 the holes would help divers enter the wreck more easily.
“We are rushing against time,” he said.
The divers set four microcharges above and below the surface of the water, Busonero said. Video showed one hole above the waterline less than two meters (6 feet) in diameter.
Mediterranean waters in the area were relatively calm Tuesday with waves of just 12 inches (30 centimeters) but they were expected to reach nearly 6 feet (1.8 meters) Wednesday, according to meteorological forecasts.
A Dutch shipwreck salvage firm, meanwhile, said it would take its engineers and divers two to four weeks to extract the 500,000 gallons of fuel aboard the ship. The safe removal of the fuel has become a priority second only to finding the missing, as the wreckage site lies in a maritime sanctuary for dolphins, porpoises and whales.
Preliminary phases of the fuel extraction could begin as early as Wednesday if approved by Italian officials, the company said.
Smit, a Rotterdam, Netherlands-based salvage company, said no fuel had leaked from any of the ship’s tanks and that the tanks appeared intact. While there is a risk the ship could shift in larger waves, to date it has been relatively stable perched on top of rocks near Giglio’s port.
Smit’s operations manager, Kees van Essen, said the company was confident the fuel could safely be extracted using pumps and valves to vacuum the oil out to waiting tanks.
“But there are always environmental risks in these types of operations,” he told reporters.
The company said any discussion about the fate of the ship _ whether it is removed in one piece or broken up _ would be decided by Italian ship operator Costa Crociere and its insurance companies.
The Miami-based Carnival Corp., which owns the Italian operator, estimated that preliminary losses from having the Concordia out of operation at least through 2012 would be between $85 million and $95 million, along with other costs. The company’s share price slumped more than 16 percent Monday.
It was not yet clear if the ship _ which was completed in 2006 _ would ever be able to return to service.
Carnival said its deductible on damage to the ship was approximately $30 million. In addition, the company faces a deductible of $10 million for third-party personal injury liability claims.
Carnival said other costs related to the grounding can’t yet be determined.
Richard Cordray
Egyptian soldiers clashed with hundreds of rock-throwing protesters in central Cairo for a second consecutive day on Saturday, in a resurgence of turmoil just days after millions voted in parliamentary elections.
The clashes underlined simmering tensions between activists and security officers and threatened to ignite a new round of violence after two peaceful days of voting in balloting considered the freest and fairest in the country’s modern history.
Hundreds of protesters threw stones early Saturday at security forces that have sealed off the streets around the country’s parliament building with barbed wire. Soldiers on rooftops pelted the crowds below with stones, prompting many of the protesters to pick up helmets, satellite dishes or sheets of metal to try to protect themselves.
The violence first began early Friday morning after soldiers stormed an antimilitary protest camp outside the Cabinet building near Tahrir Square, expelling demonstrators demanding an end to military rule and an immediate transfer of power to a civilian authority. At least seven protesters were killed in the violence, activist said. Scores have been injured.
The military took over after longtime President Hosni Mubarak was ousted in a popular revolt in February. Rights groups and activists charge that the military is carrying on the practices of the old regime, including arresting and beating dissidents.
Mustafa Ali, a protester who was wounded by pellet shot in clashes last month, on Saturday accused the military of instigating the violence to “find a justification to remain in power and divide up people into factions.”
The young activists who led the protests against Mubarak have not translated that success into results at the polls, where Islamist parties won a clear majority of seats in the first round of voting last month over the more liberal parties that emerged from the uprising. Results from this week’s second round are expected in the coming days, with the rest of the country set to vote next month.
Images of troops protecting polling centers and soldiers carrying the elderly to the polls have served to boost the military’s image as guardians of the country. The military remains the ultimate authority on all matters of state in absence of a president.
The second round of voting took place Wednesday and Thursday in nine of the country’s 27 provinces. It covered vast rural areas where the religious stand of Islamist parties has strong support.
Toyota Motor Corp. on Friday sharply downgraded its earnings forecast for this fiscal year through March, blaming a strong yen and the massive flooding in Thailand.
Japan’s biggest automaker expects to book a net profit of 180 billion yen ($2.3 billion), down 54 percent from the 390 billion yen it projected in August. It estimates leaner revenue of 18.2 trillion yen ($234.36 billion) from 19 trillion yen.
Toyota expects to sell 7.38 million vehicles worldwide this year instead of 7.6 million it predicted four months ago.
The maker of the Camry and Corolla sedans is on track to lose its title as the world’s largest automaker this calendar year. Toyota sank to No. 3 in vehicle sales during the first six months, trailing U.S. rival General Motors Co. and Volkswagen AG of Germany.
Toyota held off from releasing new earnings forecasts when it announced its first-half earnings results last month, citing uncertainties from the Thai floods that disrupted parts supplies.
It’s been a rough year for Japanese car makers, who were first hit with the earthquake and tsunami in March. They had largely rebounded from the disaster when they confronted the immense flooding in Thailand this autumn. Car production as far away as North America was scaled back as the creeping floodwaters put suppliers out of action.
The flooding, which was Thailand’s worst in half a century, will result in an output loss of 230,000 vehicles, said Executive Vice President Satoshi Ozawa at a news conference in Tokyo.
He told reporters the company had learned from its experience this year and that it would study ways to ensure that such unforeseen events “never again” lead to paralysis of supply chains.
But among Japan’s car makers, Honda Motor Co. has been the worst hit by the floods. It has yet to release forecasts as a result.
Compounding the pain is a strong yen, which hit multiple historic highs against the dollar this year. With jitters about European and U.S. economies, global investors have turned to the yen as a relative safe haven.
For exporters like Toyota, a strong yen reduces the value of overseas profits when repatriated and makes Japanese products less competitive on prices in markets outside Japan. Exports are a key driver of economic growth in a country that faces a rapidly aging and shrinking population at home.
Japanese manufacturers, including car and high-tech makers, responded by shifting more production abroad _ a trend that has government officials and the business community concerned about a hollowing out of Japanese industry.
“Because of the strong yen, the collapse of the foundation of Japanese manufacturing has begun,” Ozawa said.
Toyota’s new forecasts incorporate a 120 billion yen hit on operating profit from the Thai floods and another 190 billion yen from the negative impact of currency levels.
It now sees operating profit of 200 billion yen, compared with 450 billion yen in its August forecast.
The company lowered its foreign exchange assumptions to account for the yen’s appreciation over the last several months. It expects the yen to average 78 to the dollar this year, from 80 yen to the dollar in its previous estimate. It assumes 109 yen against the euro, down from 116 yen to the euro.
Toyota reports earnings based on U.S. accounting standards.
Bank of America is nixing its plans to charge a $5 debit card fee.
The bank says in a statement that the decision to scrap the plan came after listening to customer feedback in recent weeks.
The news comes after other major banks, including Chase and Wells Fargo, said last week that they were canceling tests of similar fees.
“Our customers’ voices are most important to us. As a result, we are not currently charging the fee and will not be moving forward with any additional plans to do so,” David Darnell, co-chief operating officer, said in a release.
The about-face by the banking industry comes amid growing public anger over fees. A movement to get customers to switch to credit unions had marked this Saturday as “Bank Transfer Day.”
As Europe’s leaders struggle toward a solution to its debt crisis, hopes are growing that cash-rich China will take a major role in a rescue _ expectations that are likely to be dashed.
On Friday, the chief executive of Europe’s bailout fund visits Beijing to talk to potential investors. Beijing has expressed sympathy for the 27-nation European Union, its biggest trading partner, but has yet to commit any cash.
Joining in a bailout could help Beijing in its campaign to join the top ranks of governments that manage the global economy _ a leadership role that many around the world have been urging China to take.
So far, Beijing has promised to help only by continuing business as usual, trading with Europe and stockpiling some of China’s multibillion-dollar trade surpluses in the safest European government bonds.
“For China, this could be a very big break in its efforts to take the seat at the head of the table in the international monetary hierarchy,” said Carl Weinberg of High Frequency Economics in a report.
Still, getting directly involved would put Chinese leaders in a position that is fraught with political risk _ spending public funds to bail out European countries that despite their debt crisis are still far richer than China per person.
Managers of China’s sovereign wealth fund, a potential investor, have tried to maintain an image as careful financial guardians after they faced criticism when early investments abroad failed to perform well.
During a visit to Paris this month, the Chinese fund’s chairman said Europeans should “respect yourself” and stop “expecting charity from China.”
European leaders are looking for investors outside the 17 nations that use the euro common currency, including sovereign wealth funds, for a fund to backstop the main bailout fund, the European Financial Stability Facility.
That is part of a complex plan under development to have the EFSF act as an insurer for bonds issued by weaker governments such as Italy and Spain, making them more attractive to investors.
The head of the EFSF, Klaus Regling, is due to explain the insurance scheme during his visit Friday to Beijing.
On Thursday, French President Nicolas Sarkozy was set to telephone his Chinese counterpart, Hu Jintao.
Even if China contributes, Beijing needs to limit its risk, said Huang Wei, an economist at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, a government think tank. She said that could mean the best Europe could hope for is a Chinese purchase of bonds guaranteed by the region’s stronger governments.
“I don’t think the Chinese government will invest directly in sovereign debt, such as Greek debt, because that’s very dangerous,” she said.
Still, China’s robust economy and $3.2 trillion in foreign reserves have fueled hopes in weaker economies that Beijing might emerge as a last-minute alternative to European aid and austerity measures that have fueled protests guaranteed online personal loans.
“You will hear some less-serious people in Ireland or Greece say, We don’t need you Europeans with your conditions because the Chinese will bail us out,” said Katinka Barysch, an analyst at the Centre for European Reform, a think tank in London.
But the vast scale of Europe’s needs _ as much as 1 to 2 trillion euros for the bailout fund _ makes that unrealistic, Barysch said.
“This is just not something the Chinese will give them,” she said.
China’s foreign and finance ministries did not respond Thursday to questions about whether Beijing would contribute to a bailout and the status of talks with Europe.
Asked on Wednesday about a possible Chinese role in a European bailout, foreign ministry Jiang Yu expressed hope the crisis could be resolved by the EU.
“I believe the Chinese side, with an open attitude, will discuss with the European side multiple ways of cooperation,” Jiang said.
Some Europeans are looking to Chinese companies, still financially strong after the 2008 global crisis battered Western business, as potential buyers of public assets such as power companies that might be sold to raise money.
But Chinese buyers that picked up European companies and other assets earlier at fire-sale prices have run into trouble managing them. They have shifted to pricier but more reliable blue-chip acquisitions such as China National BlueStar Corp.’s purchase this year of Norway’s Elkem, a maker of silicon and carbon parts, for a hefty $2 billion.
Chinese help also might carry a political cost, which has sparked unease for some in Europe.
Last month, Wen Jiabao repeated Beijing’s longstanding appeal to Europe to grant it market economy status _ a move that would make it harder for European companies to press trade complaints against Chinese rivals _ though he refrained from linking it directly to possible Chinese help in the debt crisis.
The top EU economic official, Olli Rehn, has distanced himself from a proposal floated by Brazil for China and other developing countries to jointly contribute.
“That would however have very far-reaching political consequences,” Rehn said in an Oct. 21 interview with Handelsblatt, a German business newspaper.
“It would mean that the Chinese, the Russians and Brazilians would indirectly have a place at the table in the eurozone,” Rehn said. “Such a decision would have strategic significance that is not to be underestimated.”
Wednesday was a good day for Fawad Khan.
He got up shortly before 3 a.m. and headed to a bank of computers in his Mississauga basement. While his family slept, he started trading.
One screen charted the euro in real time. It looked like the seismic readout for an earthquake. Trading in this kind of market, with one
The Bank of Italy has warned that the government’s revamped austerity plan must not cut back on the proposed euro45.5 billion ($65.9 billion) in new taxes and spending cuts needed to meet European Central Bank demands for a balanced budget.
Premier Silvio Berlusconi and his allies late Monday revised the planned austerity measures after widespread public anger, deciding to scrap a special tax on high earners and spare small town governments from consolidation and cuts.
The new measures tinker with retirement age and call for a reduction in the number of lawmakers, among other things fast cash loans.
The Bank of Italy’s vice chief Ignazio Visco told parliament committees Tuesday that he hoped the market’s response to the fiscal retreat “isn’t too penalizing.” He said the overall austerity plan “cannot be reduced.”
WASHINGTON
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